A hummingbird’s long bill appears perfectly matched for the extraction of nectar from the long, tubular flowers. The vibrant red or orange color of blooms appear as if they were designed specifically to attract the eye of hummingbirds. Hummingbird visits to flowers are visually striking, and many casual observations suggest a typical and consistent set of floral characteristics associated with this plant-pollinator interaction. ISBN 9780807871720.It’s not hard to see why anyone might assume that hummingbirds and certain kinds of flowers are perfect matches. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Wildflowers & plant communities of the southern Appalachian Mountains & Piedmont: a naturalist's guide to the Carolinas, Virginia, Tennessee, & Georgia. "Reproductive trade-offs maintain bract color polymorphism in Scarlet Indian paintbrush ( Castilleja coccinea)". ^ "Castilleja coccinea - Plant Finder".^ "Reports - Wild Species: The General Status of Species in Canada".Maryland Department of Natural Resources. ^ "Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Plants".CT.gov - Connecticut's Official State Website. ^ "Endangered Threatened and Special Concern Plants".^ "Botany Program - NY Natural Heritage Program". ![]() Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri. Chapel Hill, NC (University of North Carolina): Not yet published. Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States (Working draft ed.). ^ "Castilleja coccinea (Indian Paintbrush): Minnesota Wildflowers".^ "Castilleja coccinea (scarlet painted-cup): Go Botany".It is primarily pollinated by ruby-throated hummingbirds who can transfer the pollen long distances between typically small and scattered populations of this plant. Though it can survive on its own, studies indicate a forty-fold growth increase when its roots parasitize those of another plant for nutrients. On the other hand, the yellow C.coccinea would have a higher reproductive output when pollinators are scarce. coccinea tend to have a higher reproductive output, as they have higher seed and fruit set. When pollinators are present, the scarlet C. coccinea have color polymorphism, which means that they can be yellow or scarlet in color, and this depends on the availability of pollinators such as bees. Yellow color form in the Ozarks of Arkansas Ecology Ĭ. ![]() It is found in prairies, rocky glades, moist and open woodlands, thickets, and along streams. It is native in Canada in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario, although it is critically imperiled in Saskatchewan. It is listed as endangered in New York, Connecticut, and Maryland, It is critically imperiled in New Jersey, West Virginia, Kentucky, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, presumed extirpated in Maine and new Hampshire, and possibly extirpated in Louisiana, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. coccinea is native throughout the central and eastern United States, from Oklahoma to the west, Florida to the south, Maine to the east, and the Canadian border to the north. The specific epithet coccinea is Latin for 'red'. The genus name Castilleja is from the 18th-century Spanish botanist, Domingo Castillejo. ![]() Ĭastilleja coccinea can be distinguished from other Castilleja of the southeastern US because it has a 2-to-3.5-millimeter (0.08 to 0.14 in) long, thin yellowish or orangish lip on the corolla, the inflorescence bracts are deeply lobed, and the basal rosettes of leaves are usually well-developed. The common names for this plant reflect the showy red bracts, inside of which is the actual greenish-yellow corolla ("flower"). The alternate stem leaves are deeply and irregularly lobed and measure up to 8 cm (3 in) long. The basal leaves are oblong and mostly entire, and usually die before the flowers appear. In its first year, the plant appears as a basal rosette, and in the second year the stem, usually unbranched, rises from the rosette. It is an upright, hairy, 1-to-7-decimeter (3.9 to 27.6 in) tall hemiparasitic plant. ![]() It is usually found in prairies, rocky glades, moist and open woodlands, thickets, and along streams in central and eastern North America. Castilleja coccinea, commonly known as scarlet Indian paintbrush or scarlet painted-cup, is a biennial flowering plant in the Orobanchaceae (broomrape) family.
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